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A flywheel of mass moment of inertia equal to 53 kg.m^2 is rotating at 300 rpm. In order to accelerate it to 500 rpm in 15 seconds, what is the angular acceleration required? The frictional resistance is 16 N.m. What is the total torque required to achieve this acceleration? If the friction is constant and the applied torque is removed, how long will it take to stop spinning, from 500 rpm? How many revolutions will it do while slowing down?
alphonsio
  • The angular acceleration required is:

α=4π9≈1.40 rad/s2\alpha = \frac{4\pi}{9} \approx 1.40\, \text{rad/s}^2

  • The total torque required for the acceleration is:

τ=212π9+16≈90.00 N⋅m\tau = \frac{212\pi}{9} + 16 \approx 90.00 \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}

  • The time to stop from 500 rpm is:

tstop=50π3×0.3018≈173.44 secondst_{\text{stop}} = \dfrac{50\pi}{3 \times 0.3018} \approx 173.44 \, \text{seconds}

  • The number of revolutions from 500 rpm to 0 rpm is:

Revolutions=4542.012π≈722.88revolutions\text{Revolutions} = \frac{4542.01}{2\pi} \approx 722.88 \text{revolutions}


To solve this problem, we'll break it down into several steps:

Step 1: Convert RPM to Radians per Second

First, we need to convert the initial ( ωi\omega_i ) and final ( ωf\omega_f ) angular velocities from revolutions per minute (RPM) to radians per second:

ωi=300 rpm=300×2π60 rad/s=10π rad/s\omega_i = 300 \, \text{rpm} = 300 \times \frac{2\pi}{60} \, \text{rad/s} = 10\pi \, \text{rad/s}

ωf=500 rpm=500×2π60 rad/s=50π3 rad/s\omega_f = 500 \, \text{rpm} = 500 \times \frac{2\pi}{60} \, \text{rad/s} = \frac{50\pi}{3} \, \text{rad/s}

Step 2: Calculate Angular Acceleration

The angular acceleration ( α\alpha ) required to increase the speed from ωi\omega_i to ωf\omega_f in 15 seconds can be determined using the formula:

α=ωf−ωit\alpha = \frac{\omega_f - \omega_i}{t}

Substituting the values:

α=50π3−10π15=50π−30π315=20π45 rad/s2=4π9 rad/s2\alpha = \frac{\frac{50\pi}{3} - 10\pi}{15} = \frac{\frac{50\pi - 30\pi}{3}}{15} = \frac{20\pi}{45} \, \text{rad/s}^2 = \frac{4\pi}{9} \, \text{rad/s}^2

Step 3: Calculate the Total Torque Required

The torque ( τ\tau ) required to achieve the desired angular acceleration is given by:

τ=I⋅α+τfriction\tau = I \cdot \alpha + \tau_{\text{friction}}

Where:

  • I=53 kg⋅m2I = 53 \, \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^2 is the moment of inertia.
  • τfriction=16 N⋅m\tau_{\text{friction}} = 16 \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m} is the frictional resistance.

Substituting in the values:

τ=53⋅4π9+16\tau = 53 \cdot \frac{4\pi}{9} + 16

Calculate:

τ=212π9+16≈74.00+16=90.00 N⋅m\tau = \frac{212\pi}{9} + 16 \approx 74.00 + 16 = 90.00 \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}

Step 4: Calculate Time to Stop Spinning

If the friction is constant and the applied torque is removed, the deceleration will be due to the frictional torque alone. Thus, the angular deceleration ( αf\alpha_f ) is:

αf=τfrictionI=1653 rad/s2≈0.3018 rad/s2\alpha_f = \frac{\tau_{\text{friction}}}{I} = \frac{16}{53} \, \text{rad/s}^2 \approx 0.3018 \, \text{rad/s}^2

To find the time ( tstopt_{\text{stop}} ) it takes to stop from 500 rpm, use the equation:

ωf=ωi−αftstop\omega_f = \omega_i - \alpha_f t_{\text{stop}}

tstop=ωi−ωfαft_{\text{stop}} = \dfrac{\omega_i - \omega_f}{\alpha_f}

Here, ωf=0\omega_f = 0:

tstop=ωiαft_{\text{stop}} = \dfrac{\omega_i}{\alpha_f}

tstop=50π3×0.3018≈173.44 secondst_{\text{stop}} = \dfrac{50\pi}{3 \times 0.3018} \approx 173.44 \, \text{seconds}

Step 5: Calculate the Number of Revolutions While Slowing Down

During deceleration, the angular deceleration has been calculated as:

αf≈0.3018 rad/s2\alpha_f \approx 0.3018 \, \text{rad/s}^2

By integrating the acceleration, and considering the initial velocity, the angular velocity is given by:

ω(t)=−αft+wf≈−0.3018t+50π3\omega(t) = -\alpha_f t+w_f \approx -0.3018t + \frac{50\pi}{3}

By integrating the angular velocity, we can calculate the angular displacement:

θ(t)=−αf2t2+wft≈−120.3018t2+50π3t\theta(t) = -\frac{\alpha_f}{2} t^2 + w_ft \approx -\frac{1}{2}0.3018t^2 + \frac{50\pi}{3}t

At the end of the motion ( t=tstopt =t_{stop} ) the angular displacement is:

θ=ωftstop−αf2tstop2\theta = \omega_f t_{\text{stop}} - \frac{\alpha_f}{2} t_{\text{stop}}^2

Substituting the values:

θ=50π3⋅173.44−12⋅0.3018⋅(173.44)2\theta = \frac{50\pi}{3} \cdot 173.44 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 0.3018 \cdot (173.44)^2

Calculate:

θ≈9081.30−4539.28≈4542.01 rad\theta \approx 9081.30 - 4539.28 \approx 4542.01 \, \text{rad}

Convert radians to revolutions:

Revolutions=4542.012π≈722.88\text{Revolutions} = \frac{4542.01}{2\pi} \approx 722.88

Thus, the flywheel will make approximately 728.3 revolutions while slowing down.